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Cherubism is an uncommon, multilocular cystic condition of the jaws. This autosomal dominant, nonneoplastic, fibro-osseous condition of the jaws affects children and is self-limiting. Clinically, it shows up as an expansion or distortion of the jaw together with an unnatural teeth alignment. In their most severe forms, these deformations might cause phonation difficulties, decreased pharynx lumen, visual issues, and psychological effects. This case report describes a case report of two siblings involving the maxilla and the mandible presenting with a painless bilateral symmetrical enlargement. Cherubism is a hereditary condition characterized by nonneoplastic bone lesions that damage the jaws. Surgery should be used to resolve any functional or aesthetically problematic issues. Typically, the surgical procedure is postponed until after puberty.
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Gingival enlargement can be referred to as an increased size of the gingival tissues. It might have originated because of inflammation, induced by certain drugs, linked to generalized illness, malignant, or pseudo enlargement, based on its etiology and pathogenesis. Enlargements may be widespread, papillary, or marginal, depending on the location. It affects the patient's masticatory, functional, aesthetic, and psychological health. Diagnosing the condition and its underlying cause through a detailed history is the mainstay for management. Diagnosis is based on a careful clinical examination in relation to the consistency, texture, and color of enlarged gingival tissues. Once diagnosed, the intervention relies on treating the causative factor involved in the condition. Early diagnosis and treatment with the elimination of the etiologic factor along with strict oral hygiene instructions and regular follow-up results in the restoration of aesthetics and function. This article presents a case report of a female patient aged 31 years who presented to the Oral Medicine and Radiology Department with chief complaints of swollen gums, bleeding gums while brushing for one month, and pain and loosening of teeth in the upper left back region of the jaw since 15 days. On thorough clinical examination, oral hygiene instructions were given along with antimicrobials and analgesic medications, and extensive scaling and sub-gingival curettage were done. On the follow-up visit after seven days, there was reduced inflammation due to the removal of local irritants like plaque and calculus and reduced gingival enlargement. The takeaway message from this case is that clinicians should be thoroughly acquainted with the normal and pathologic alterations of the gingival tissues and possible etiologic factors for it. Careful examination, prompt diagnosis, and treatment form the mainstay of management.
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A 47-year-old female patient visited the outpatient department with the complaint of "sharp shooting, radiating type of pain" on the maxillary left posterior gingiva for the last three months. The patient was advised a magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scan which gave the radiological diagnosis of trigeminal neuralgia (TN). It also stated that the root entry zone of cranial nerve-V (CN-V) was in contact with the superior cerebellar artery and anterior inferior cerebellar artery. The patient was kept on a carbamazepine and gabapentin combination and a supportive therapy of multivitamins which brought complete remission within 1.5 months. This case report supports the combination therapy of carbamazepine and gabapentin with supportive therapy of multivitamins.
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This case represents mucocele of extravasation phenomenon associated with a lower lip on the right side in the last 15 days. A 19-year-old male patient visited the outpatient department with a history of constant trauma due to lip biting and due to soft and flocculent consistency on palpation, mucocele was considered under the provisional diagnosis. The borders of the lesion were marked following all the protocols of asepsis and sterilization and laser-assisted surgical excision was undertaken resulting in total removal of the lesion with a diode laser by resecting it from the base to reduce chances of re-occurrence. The specimen that was resected was sent for histopathological examination, which confirmed the final diagnosis of mucous extravasation cyst or mucocele. The following report underlines that laser-assisted resection offers a minimally invasive and precision approach for the treatment of mucocele.
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BACKGROUND: In 2004, the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) revised its conclusion that betel quid, both with and without tobacco, as well as areca nut alone, was carcinogenic to humans. Areca nut may enhance chemical hepatocarcinogenesis. Researchers have studied the role of areca nut components in the etiology of oral submucous fibrosis (OSF) for the past two decades. OBJECTIVES: In this, we will study the role of betel nut chewing on the liver and its correlation with the occurrence of OSF and oral cancer. METHODOLOGY: It is a type of case-control study for a duration of three months. A total of 60 subjects were selected based on the selected groups and exclusion criteria. A detailed case history was taken, and after that blood samples were collected for conducting liver function tests. After the collection of reports from the labs, the results were assessed, analyzed, and correlated with the case history of each subject. RESULTS: This research aids in the identification of a link between the occurrence of OSF, oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) liver damage, and the practice of eating betel nuts. Chewing betel quid on a regular basis appears to be a separate risk factor for liver damage, OSCC, and OSF. CONCLUSION: This assessment of liver function with case history in each subject aids in providing an improvised and prioritized method for the early diagnosis of liver misfunctioning in the patient with OSF or Oral Cancer due to a common etiological factor, that is betel nut.
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Pemphigus vulgaris (PV) is a chronic autoimmune disorder that causes painful blisters on the skin and mucosa along with erosions due to intra-epithelial acantholysis. This acantholysis is mainly due to an immune reaction against desmoglein (an adhesion glycoprotein molecule) by IgG autoantibodies, which causes loss of cell-to-cell adhesion. The treatment consists of systemic corticosteroids such as tablet prednisolone along with topical steroids such as 0.1% triamcinolone paste. But steroids are known for their side effects, one of which is hypertension. It is vital for a dentist to curate the management of this lesion particularly when the drug of choice can potentially lead to adverse effects including systemic complications. This is a case report of a 60-year-old female with PV with systemic hypertension, emphasizing the management of this condition so as to prevent any complications that may arise due to the drug that is administered.
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Background: The objective of this study was to estimate serum vitamin B12 levels and its correlation with severity of clinical presentation in patients with trigeminal neuralgia (TN). Methods: A total of 80 participants were included and rendered into study group: 40 TN patients and control group: 40 healthy individuals. The serum vitamin B12 estimation of each participant was carried out by using serum vitamin B12 ELISA kit and pain characteristics of TN patients were recorded in details. Results: The mean serum vitamin B12 level was noticed to be significantly lower (p = 0.042) in study group (296.87 ± 248.75 pg/mol) as compared to control group (423.5 ± 296.41 pg/mol). There was a statistically significant difference in serum vitamin B12 level between vegetarian TN patients and those who were on mixed diet (p = 0.001). The pain associated with TN predominantly reported unilaterally involving the right side (55%), female gender (55%) and mandibular division (50%). Although pain intensity showed no significant relation (p = 0.024), duration of pain reported a strong negative association with mean serum vitamin B12 levels in TN patients (p = 0.001). Conclusions: Vitamin B12 supplements can be added to the established treatment protocol for the holistic management of TN patients particularly those who are on vegetarian diet.
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Most of the currently used medications for the treatment of oral ulcers focus primarily on providing symptomatic relief and preventing secondary infections. Not much attention has been paid in the past on agents that can promote healing of these lesions. In the current study, we have tested and compared the efficacy of such wound healing promoting agents i.e. Propolis (product obtained from Bees) and a newly developed herbal ointment (containing extracts of Azadirachta indica (Neem), Linum usitatissimum L.(Linseed) oil, and resin of Shorea robusta) in experimental rabbits. METHODOLOGY: Traumatic oral ulcers were inflicted in experimental rabbits (New Zealand white) with the help of a punch biopsy instrument. The animals were then divided into three groups each group consisted of 12 animals (n = 12), Group I was the untreated control group and Group II was topically treated with nonalcohol extract of propolis and Group III was treated with newly developed herbal ointment. Histological healing scores of the ulcers were evaluated on day 7 and day 14. Data were statistically analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistic methods. RESULTS: In Group III treated with newly developed herbal ointment, significantly higher healing scores, in comparison to the untreated control group (Group I) and propolis (Group II) was observed on day 7 and 14. Improved healing scores in prapolis-treated group were observed than the untreated control group. However, the difference was not statistically significant on both day 7 and day 14. CONCLUSION: With the newly developed herbal ointment, superior healing of traumatic oral ulcers was observed.
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The outbreak of COVID- 19 disease has taken the world by surprise. The disease mainly affects the respiratory system and is caused by a strain of coronavirus named SARS-CoV-2. Due to its high recombination rates the virus has an immense potential to spread rapidly. Within months of the first case being reported in Wuhan China, the disease has turned rapidly into a pandemic. The world health experts are already actively looking for a definite cure or vaccine for the disease, but till that many of the countries across the globe are looking up onto mass quarantine measures as a method to control its spread. This article is an attempt to review the effectiveness of these measures and the possible adverse effects of the same. Other possible modes of prevention and controlling the spread of the disease have also been reviewed in the article.
